Analisis Faktor Geodemografi yang Mempengaruhi Student Engagement dalam Pembelajaran Daring Menggunakan Metode Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR)
Abstract
Abstrak
Student engagement is a critical indicator of the success of online learning. However, this level of engagement is suspected to be uneven geographically and is influenced by the characteristics of students' residences. This study aims to analyze the influence of geodemographic factors on student engagement in online learning at University Graha Karya Muara Bulian using the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method. The analyzed geodemographic factors include type of residential area (urban, suburban, rural), quality of internet access, population density, and the area's average education level. Engagement data was collected from Learning Management System (LMS) logs, while geodemographic data was sourced from secondary data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) and crowdsourced mapping. The results of the GWR analysis show that the relationship between geodemographic factors and engagement is local and varies spatially. The quality of internet access has a very strong positive influence in rural areas, but its influence is not significant in city centers. Meanwhile, population density shows a negative correlation with engagement in suburban areas. These findings reveal a complex digital divide and confirm that a "one-size-fits-all" online learning policy is less effective. The implication of this research is the importance of a spatial-specific policy approach and intervention design for online learning, such as strengthening internet infrastructure in low-engagement hotspots in rural areas and community-based academic mentoring programs in suburban areas.
Keywords: student engagement, online learning, geodemographic factors, digital divide, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR).
Abstrak
Demam Student engagement (keterlibatan mahasiswa) merupakan indikator kritis dalam kesuksesan pembelajaran daring. Namun, tingkat engagement ini diduga tidak merata secara geografis dan dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik tempat tinggal mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor geodemografi terhadap student engagement dalam pembelajaran daring di Universitas Graha Karya Muara Bulian dengan menggunakan metode Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). Faktor geodemografi yang dianalisis meliputi tipe wilayah domisili (urban, suburban, rural), kualitas akses internet, kepadatan penduduk, dan tingkat pendidikan rata-rata daerah. Data engagement dikumpulkan dari log Learning Management System (LMS), sementara data geodemografi bersumber dari data sekunder BPS dan crowdsourced mapping. Hasil analisis GWR menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara faktor geodemografi dan engagement bersifat lokal dan bervariasi secara spasial. Kualitas akses internet memiliki pengaruh positif yang sangat kuat di wilayah pedesaan (rural), namun pengaruhnya tidak signifikan di pusat kota. Sementara itu, kepadatan penduduk justru menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan engagement di wilayah suburban. Temuan ini mengungkapkan adanya digital divide yang kompleks dan mengonfirmasi bahwa kebijakan pembelajaran daring "satu untuk semua" (one-size-fits-all) kurang efektif. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah pentingnya pendekatan kebijakan dan desain intervensi pembelajaran daring yang spasial-spesifik, seperti penguatan infrastruktur internet di hotspot keterlibatan rendah di daerah rural dan program pendampingan akademik berbasis komunitas di wilayah suburban.
